Palm Yağı ve Kanatlı Hayvan Beslemede Kullanımı
Abstract
Kümes kanatlı hayvanları, tüy gelişimi, et ve yumurta üretimi için yüksek miktarda enerjiye gereksinim duyarlar. Bu enerjinin tamamının nişastadan karşılanması mümkün olmadığından kanatlı hayvan rasyonlarında yağ kullanılması zorunlu hale gelmektedir. Fiyatlarındaki artış nedeniyle rasyonlarda neredeyse yağ kullanılamaz hale gelmiştir. Bununla birlikte son yıllarda diğer yağlara göre fiyatı daha ucuz, temin ve tedariki daha kolay olan palm yağının kanatlı hayvan beslemede kullanılması yaygınlaşmaya başlamıştır. Dünyada tüketilen yağın yarısına yakınını palm yağı oluşturmaktadır. Türkiye’de yılda tüketilen 2 milyon tona yakın palm yağının iki yüz bin tona yakın kısmı yem üretiminde kullanılmakta ve bu rakam her geçen gün artış göstermektedir. Diğer bitkisel yağlara göre palm yağı ve palm yağı fraksiyonu yağların doymuş yağ asit içeriğinin yüksek olması bu yağın gerek insan gerekse hayvan beslenmesinde kullanılmasını sorunlu hale getirmektedir. Diğer yandan içerdiği karotenoidlerden dolayı serbest radikalleri pasifize ederek hücreleri oksidatif stresten ve yıkımdan koruması, yüksek oranda sahip olduğu tokoferollerin karaciğer enzimleri üzerinde etki göstererek kan kolesterolünü düşürücü etki göstermesi, genetik regülasyonda, seks steroidlerinin üretiminde, immün yanıtın ve akciğerin gelişiminde rol oynaması ve kan basıncını düşürmesi gibi özellikler palm yağını ayrıcalıklı kılmaktadır. Özellikle vitamin E bakımından zengin olması palm yağının kanatlı hayvan beslemede kullanımında önemli avantaj sağlamaktadır.
Bu derleme çalışmada, palm yağının kanatlı kümes hayvanların beslenmesinde kullanımı ve interaktif rolleri incelenmiştir.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15316/SJAFS.2018.139
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