The effects of different plant densities and nitrogen levels on certain macro and micro element contents of okra
Abstract
Farklı bitki yoğunluğu ve azot seviyelerinin bamyada bazı makro ve mikro element içerikleri üzerine etkileri
ÖZET
Farklı bitki yoğunluğu ve azot seviyelerinin bamyada (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) mikro ve makro element içeriklerine etkilerinin araştırıldığı çalışma, Ege Üniversitesi Ödemiş Meslek Yüksekokulu ile Ege Üniversitesi Menemen Araştırma, Uygulama ve Üretim Çiftliği uygulama arazilerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Split-plot deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuş, ana parselleri azot uygulamaları ve alt parselleri bitki yoğunlukları oluşturmuştur. Azotlu gübreler üre ve amonyum nitrat formunda uygulanmıştır. Beş farklı azot seviyesi (0, 40, 80, 120 ve 160 kg N ha-1) ve iki farklı dikim mesafesi (15*70cm ve 25*70 cm) test edilmiştir. Meyve ve yapraklarda makro ve mikro besin belirlenmiştir. Yaprakların N içeriği Ödemiş lokasyonunda yüksek azot seviyeleri ile artmış, yapraklardaki maksimum azot içeriği 80 kg N ha-1 uygulamasında kaydedilmiştir. Ayrıca, Ödemiş lokasyonunda, yapraklardaki Mg, Zn, ve Mn içeriği, meyvelerde P, Ca, Mg, Fe ve Zn içerikleri azot dozlarından önemli ölçüde etkilenmiştir. Menemende, kontrol karşılaştırıldığında yapraklardaki Mg, Cu ve Zn,alınımı ve meyvedeki Zn alımını azot dozlarından önemli ölçüde etkilenmiştir.
ABSTRACT
Field trials were conducted in two locations: the training fields of the Ege University Odemis Vocational High School and Ege University, Menemen Research, Application and Production Farm, where the effects of different plant densities and nitrogen levels on macro and micro element contents of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) were investigated. The field layout was a split-plot design with three replicates, where the main plots consisted of nitrogen applications and sub-plots of plant densities. Nitrogen fertilizers were applied in the form of urea and ammonium nitrate. Five different nitrogen levels (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg N ha-1) and two different distances between rows (15 cm * 70 cm and 25 cm * 70 cm) were tested. Macro and micro nutrients in fruits and leaves were determined. The N content of the leaves increased with higher nitrogen levels in the Odemis location. The maximum nitrogen content in leaves was determined at the 80 kg N ha-1 application in this location. Additionally, the content of Mg, Zn, and Mn in the leaves and P, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Zn in fruits significantly affected nitrogen doses at the Odemis location. The Mg, Cu and Zn uptake of leaves and Zn uptake in fruit when compared to the control significantly affected nitrogen doses at Menemen.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Ahmad N and Tullock-Reid LI (1968). Effect of fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus and magnesium on yield and nutrient content of okra (Hibiscus esculentus L.) Agron J 60, 353-449.
Almasri MN and Kaluarachchi JJ (2007). Modelling nitrate contamination of groundwater in agricultural watersheds, J. Hydrol., 343 (2007), pp. 211–229.
Anonymous (1951). U.S. Soil Survey Staff, Soil Survey Manual, U.S. Dept. Agr. Handbook 18. U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington DC. USA. Search date: January, 2016.
Anonymous (2010a). http://www.netkayit.com/Izmir/Izmir-Odemis/Harita, Search date: January, 2016
Anonymous (2010b). http://www.netkayit.com/Izmir/Izmir-Menemen/Harita, Search date: January, 2016
Anonymous (2015). http://www.tarim.gov.tr/sgb/Belgeler/SagMenuVeriler/BUGEM. pdf, Search date: January, 2016
Asif MI and Greig JK (1972). Effects of N, P and K fertilization on fruit yield, macro- and micro-nutrient levels and nitrate accumulation in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench). J Amer Soc Hort Sci. 97,440-442.
Atalay IZ, Kılınç R, Anaç D, Yokaş I (1986). Gediz Havzası Rendzina topraklarının potasyum durumu ve bu topraklarda alınabilir potasyum miktarının tayininde kullanılacak yöntemler. Bilge Matbaası, İzmir, s. 25.
Balík J, Černy J, Tlustoš P, Zitkova M (2003). Nitrogen balance and mineral nitrogen content in the soil in a long experiment with maize under different systems of N fertilization. Plant Soil Environ. 49 (2003), pp. 554–559
Bijay-Singh, Sekhon GS (1979). Nitrate pollution of groundwater from farm use of nitrogen fertilisers—a review. Agric. Environ. (1979) (Abstract)
Bijay-Singh, Yadvinder-Singh, Sekhon GS (1995). Fertiliser-N use efficiency and nitrate pollution of groundwater in developing countries. J. Contam. Hydrol. 20 (1995), pp. 167–184
Bingham FT (1962). Chemical soil tests for available phosphorus. Soil Sci. 94: pp. 87-95.
Bouyoucos GJ (1962). Hydrometer Method. Improved for Making. Particle Size Analysis of Soil Agronomy Journal Vol: 54(5): 464-465.
Bremner JM (1965). Total nitrogen. In Black, A.C. (Ed.). Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties. Madison, Wisconsin, pp.1149-1178.
Cassman KG, Dobermann A, Walters DT (2002). Agroecosystems, nitrogenuse efficiency, and nitrogen management. Ambio, 31 (2002), pp. 132–140
Campell CA, Mayers RJK, Curtin D (1995). Managing nitrogen for sustainable crop production. Fertilizer Research 42, 277-296
Chapman HD, PF Pratt (1961). Methods of analysis for soils, plants, and waters. Univ. Calif., Div. Agr. Sci.
Chen BM, Wang ZH, Li SX, Wang GX, Song HX, Wang XN (2004). Effects of nitrate supply on plant growth, nitrate accumulation, metabolic nitrate concentration and nitrate reductase activity in three leafy vegetables. Plant Sci., 167 (2004), pp. 635–643
Düzgüneş O, Kesici T, Gürbüz F (1993). İstatistik Metodları. Ankara Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Yay, No: 1291, Ankara, p, 218. F. Eğitim Araştırma ve Geliştirme Vakfı Yayınları: 3, Ankara.
Elmacı ÖL, Seçer M, Ceylan Ş (2013). Residual effect of agro-industrial wastes on soil properties and Zea mays (L.) nutrition. Int. J. of Environment and Waste Management, 2013 Vol.11, No.3, pp.289 - 303
Fatokun CA, Chheda HR (1981). The effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on yield and chemical composition of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench). Paper presented at the 6th African Horticulture Symposium, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Gastal F, Lemaire G (2002). N uptake and distribution in crops: an agronomical perspective. J. Exp. Bot., 53 (2002), pp. 789–799.
Güneş A, Alpaslan M, Inal A (2000). Bitki Besleme ve Gübreleme. Ankara Ü. Zir. Fak. Yay No: 1514. s.199.
Ikemoto Y, Teraguchi M, Kaneene Y (2002). Plasma level of nitrate in congenital heart disease: Comparison with healthy children. Pediatr. Cardiol. 2002; 23:132–136. doi: 10.1007/s00246-001-0036-9. J. Sci. Food Agric., 86 (2006), pp. 10–17.
Horvat D, Loncaric Z, Vukadinovic V, Drezner G, Bertic B, Dvojković K (2004). The Influence of Mineral Fertilization on Winter Wheat Yield and Quality. http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/238904.D_Horvat_The_influence_of_mineral_fertilization_on_winter_wheat_yield_and_quality.doc.
Jackson ML (1967). Soil Chemical Analysis Prentice Hall, Inc, Englewood Cliffs. N.J. USA.
Kacar B (1984). Bitki besleme. Ankara Univ. Zir. Fak. Yay. 899. Ders Kitabı 250. Ankara.
Kacar B (1995). Bitki ve toprağın kimyasal analizleri. Toprak analizleri Ankara U. Z. Basımevi-Ankara.
Lott WL, Nery JP, Medcaff JC (1956). Leaf Analysis Technique in Coffe Research. EC., Res. Inst. No: 9.
Luo C, Branlard WB, Griffin McNeil DL (2000). The effect of nitrogen and sulfur fertilization and their interaction with genotype on wheat glutenins and quality parameters. Journal of Cereal Science, 31, 185194. doi:10.1006/jcrs.1999.0298
Majanbu IS, Ogunlela VB, Ahmed MK, 1986. Response of two okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) varieties to fertilizers: growth and nutrient concentration as influenced by nitrogen and phosphorus application. Department of Agronomy, Ahmadu Bello University. Fertilizer Research 8: 297-306.
Marschner H (1995). Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. Academic Press, London (1995) pp. 229–312.
Martina Šturm, Nina Kacjan-Maršić, Vesna Zupanc, Branka Bračič-Železnik, Sonja Lojen, Marina Pintar (2010). Effect of different fertilisation and irrigation practices on yield, nitrogen uptake and fertiliser use efficiency of white cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.). Scientia Horticulturae Volume 125, Issue 2, 3 June 2010, Pages 103–109
Rahn CR (2002). Management strategies to reduce nutrient losses from vegetable crops. Acta Hort., 571 (2002), pp. 171–177 (Abstract)
Reuterberg, E, Kremkus F (1951). ’Bestimmung von Gesamthumus und Alkalischen Humusstoffen im Boden’, Z. Pflanzenernaehr. Düng. und Bodenkd. Verlag Chemie GmbH. Weinheim.
Santamaria P (2006). Nitrate in vegetables: toxicity, content, intake and EC regulation
Slawin W (1968). Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Interscience Publisher, New York.
Turan M, Sevimli F (2005). Influence of different nitrogen sources and levels on ion content of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). NZ J. Crop Hort. Sci. (2005), pp. 241–249.
Verma VK, Pundrik KKC, Chauhan KS (1970). Effect of different levels of N, P and K on vegetative growth and yield of okra. Punjab Hort. J. 10:130-136.
Wang ZH, Zong ZQ, Li SX, Chen BM (2002). Nitrate accumulation in vegetables and its residual in vegetable fields. Environ. Sci., 23 (2002), pp. 79–83.
Wu YY, Kahn BA, Maness NO, Solie JB, Whitney RW, Conway KE (2003). Densely planted okra for destructive harvest: I. Effects on yield. HortScience 38:1360-1364.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15316/SJAFS.2018.80
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Bu eser Creative Commons Alıntı-GayriTicari-Türetilemez 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.